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Plans to legalize online casinos in France have been delayed following opposition from physical casinos and concerns raised by gambling addiction advocates. The French government had hoped to fast-track the process through a decree, but the proposal was withdrawn for further consultation.
France is one of only two EU countries, along with Cyprus, that prohibits online casinos. Despite the ban, around three million residents reportedly gambled online in 2023 using offshore platforms, according to the Autorité Nationale des Jeux (ANJ). The government estimated that legalizing online casinos could generate €1 billion annually in tax revenue and improve oversight of gambling practices, including measures to identify and support individuals showing signs of addiction.
However, physical casinos have voiced strong objections. Casinos de France, representing the nation’s 200 casinos, warned that legalization could reduce their revenue by 20% to 30% and lead to the closure of about a third of these establishments. Such closures, the group argued, would risk 15,000 jobs and significantly reduce tax contributions. The trade association suggested that any online gambling licenses be restricted to existing physical casino operators to minimize the impact.
In 2023, physical casinos generated €2.7 billion in pre-tax revenue, part of the €13.4 billion generated by all legally operated gambling activities in France. Other gambling options include the state-regulated Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU), focused on horse racing, and the French Loto, which allows online participation. The French Loto processed €21 billion in bets last year, with €4.2 billion allocated to taxes and social security. Meanwhile, the PMU, which expanded its online offerings in 2010, reported €800 million in net profit after tax, with proceeds reinvested into horse racing organizations.
Gambling regulations in France have historically favored physical casinos. Initially, casinos were limited to tourist towns and spa resorts, and a 1919 law banned casinos within 100 kilometers of Paris. Although this restriction has since been eased, gambling has remained tightly controlled.
Over time, some online gambling has been introduced. The privatized French Loto began offering online services about 15 years ago, and the PMU added online sports betting and poker in 2010. Despite these changes, online casino gambling has remained off-limits.